Who invented id card

Another goal was less publicised: to prepare, in the wake of the June armistice convention disbanding local - i. Similarly, from July onwards, the same agency listed the professional activity of all individuals living in the free zone and born between Jan. This men mobilisation plan was doomed to failure, however, as the Southern zone was invaded by occupying forces in November and many of the necessary tools were then destroyed Following this failure, however, collected individual data were kept by statistical agencies.

In the long run, this database was intented to feature an individual file for each and every French citizen. Personal data included in this file would be digitally translated onto punched cards. These punched cards, when mechanically processed, would then help produce accurate group statistical data.

The very nature of this ambitious project makes it easy to understand how important the FrID requested by the MI was to statistical agencies: indeed, the delivery process of this document was a dreamed opportunity for collecting crucial data on all citizens aged 16 and above.

In March , R. Carmille was thus hoping to collect all data needed by statistics offices to complete or create every French citizen's individual file, which was to serve as the building block of the national population database. As early as the beginning of April , the SD started to design the precise content of this form, which would be used as the basis for all subsequent censuses. Sixteen questions were asked, regarding numerous aspects of the daily life of French citizens and their families.

From onwards, distribution of this bulletin over the French territory was entrusted to the SNS. In the early days of the delivery of the FrID, in , local civil servants were ordered to pay extreme attention to the information given on this bulletin by each citizen applying for the card. A note by R. Carmille, dated 27 April , gave some specifics:. All this data completed the numerous individual files already constituted during the July census of professional activities in the free zone However, the project also included the creation of millions of new individual files on the basis of the bulletins.

Hence, as early as , the SNS devoted 1 employees to the sole task of creating these files and feed the national population database. The FrID was interesting in another, major respect for statistical services: it was an opportunity to further rationalise their activity by using, on a very large scale, the identification number invented by R. A 6 November SNS memo explains the logic of this digit number, with its five components:.

French citizen Non-Jewish indigenous French subject …….. Jewish indigenous French subject……….. Ill-defined status… Second component : two digits, from 00 to 99, defining year of birth — the last two digits of the millesime. Third component : two digits, from 01 to 12, defining month of birth. Fourth component : five digits defining place of birth, according a given geographical codification of communes. The next three define the town.

Foreign countries or dominions are given special codes. Fifth component : Civil status registries have been used to build one specific registry per commune, where births are registered chronologically. Specific methods have been used to build these registries even when civil status registries could not be relied upon case of foreigners; lost or destroyed registries; etc. Example : number This was a breakthrough innovation for the statistical system designed by R. Yielding detailed information, unchanged from birth to death, the identification number would unambiguously characterise the bearer.

Hence, one of R. Carmille's main goals was to generalise its use, in order to facilitate all the statistical operations he was planning.

Regional SD offices — there were about twenty of them — used municipal birth registries to build identification numbers for all citizens. By August , they were almost done producing a huge general identification database that included all individuals born in France from to An additional benefit for Carmille and his teams was that the unique ID number made it a lot easier to find, and update if necessary, the individual files they had compiled about French nationals.

However, R. Carmille's larger design was to generalise its use among citizens and public administration organisations, in order to make it a true reference identifier In , all regional divisions of the SNS initiated controls to ascertain that the actual identity of individuals requesting the FrID matched the digit number stored in their general identification registry.

This gigantic effort mobilised employees full-time. Finally, they checked that this number indeed matched the number that they already had stored in their general identification registry. Close examination of archived material shows why Vichy's statistical agencies were so keen on contributing to the carding designs of police forces, and why the MI decided to collaborate with R.

Carmille's teams. From the policing point of view, this collaboration had two advantages: on the one hand, it was an opportunity to improve the carding process and make it safer; on the other, it made it possible to implement low- cost, stringent controls on the movements of populations. From the MI's point of view, the whole procedure was yet another way of guaranteeing the proof value of all identity papers it produced.

Every French citizen, being identified on the basis of various civil status documents — which backed the FrID application, enabling regional statistical offices to check that people matched their unique identification number — was granted a FrID bearing this very number.

Until then, police forces only used numbers to identify ID cards themselves, generally using a simple order number. With R. In addition to these expensive pieces of equipment, R. Carmille's teams also bought stamping machines to emboss the number in such a way that it became unalterable Exhibit 9. Exhibit 9: Cruchot stamping and embossing machine user's guide undated.

Another benefit of the system was that it would not allow a given citizen to unduly procure several FrIDs. Having statistical agencies collect information on French citizens in order to organise military resistance would have lacked efficiency without the possibility to keep track of people's addresses.

In fact, the Philippines is one of only nine 9 countries in the world without a national identification ID system. The issuance of identification cards from different agencies has created unnecessary and costly redundancies, thereby entailing higher costs. The Filipino Identification System will consolidate all government-issued ID systems into one to improve government services and limit red tape in government transactions.

It will lower costs, streamline transactions, and provide ease and convenience. It will be accepted in transactions with national government agencies, local government units, government-owned or controlled corporations, and government financial institutions.

It may also be used in courts, for police clearances, and transactions with banking and financial institutions. Torres G. National ID cards can provoke diverse reactions. In some countries, identity cards are seen as uncontroversial,even boring, documents. In others, the cards can arouse heated controversy. In short, what is striking about national ID cards is how debate over their merits has varied over space and time. In this blog, we trace out this evolution of ID cards worldwide.

One precursor to national ID cards emerged in 19th century France. Napoleon sought to streamline the central government in France after the revolutionary period between and As he clarified property rights and created new bureaucratic offices, he also introduced a system of internal ID documents for workers in Although the French passcards were intended for workers, the Napoleonic reforms prompted other countries to implement more comprehensive ID systems. Starting in , Sultan Mahmud II, impressed by the success of the Napoleonic reforms for building state capabilities, introduced national ID cards to the Ottoman empire in Hence, early identity cards were adopted to consolidate state institutions.

In , lawmakers in the United Kingdom passed the National Registry Act, which mandated that all residents possess identity cards.